Mare horses on the grass

What Is a Mare? A mare is an adult female horse that is typically over four years of age.

This term is used to distinguish female horses from males, with “stallion” referring to an intact male and “gelding” to a castrated male.

In the world of equine terminology, knowing the difference between these terms is essential for horse owners, breeders, and enthusiasts.

Understanding the Term “Mare”

In the equine world, gender plays a significant role in identifying the behavior, care, and roles of a horse. A mare, being a mature female, often holds a prominent position, particularly in breeding, herding, and even competitive events.

Differences Between Mares and Other Horses

Mares differ from stallions and geldings in both behavior and physiology. Here are a few key distinctions:

  • Stallions: Male horses that have not been castrated are referred to as stallions. They tend to exhibit more dominant behavior and can be more challenging to handle due to their high testosterone levels.
  • Geldings: Castrated male horses are called geldings, known for their calmer and more predictable temperament compared to stallions.

For more on understanding horse behavior and differences, check out our guide to equine care.

Learn more about horses on Wikipedia.

Mares in Breeding

Mares play a critical role in horse breeding programs. When a mare becomes pregnant, she is often referred to as “in foal.” A mare’s pregnancy lasts for about 11 months, and she typically gives birth to a single foal at a time.

  • Breeding Mares: Mares that are specifically bred to produce offspring are known as broodmares. These mares are often chosen based on their lineage, temperament, and performance history in various equestrian sports.

According to Dr. Jane Manfredi, an equine veterinarian, “Mares often exhibit strong maternal instincts and play a crucial role in the development of foals. Their health and well-being are paramount in breeding programs, as they contribute to both the genetic line and the temperament of the offspring.”

Mare Behavior and Characteristics

Mares exhibit distinct behavioral traits that set them apart from male horses, showcasing their intelligence, independence, and occasional sensitivity.

A notable feature of mares is their seasonal estrus (heat) cycle, which can influence their behavior, leading to increased restlessness, vocalization, and attention-seeking tendencies.

To manage these effects, some horse owners may resort to hormone treatments or other techniques to regulate their mare’s cycle when disruptive behavior arises.

Generally, mares are perceived as more independent and sometimes temperamental compared to geldings or stallions; however, they are capable of forming strong bonds with their owners and are often fiercely protective of their offspring.

Horse trainer Bob Baffert mentions that “mares, while sometimes more difficult to handle, can also be some of the most rewarding horses to train. Their intelligence and strong personalities make them exceptional partners in the right hands.”

For more information on managing a mare’s estrus cycle, check out our mare health guide.

For more on training and working with mares, see our horse training tips.

Caring for a Mare

Brown Mare Horse Running

Caring for a mare requires a comprehensive understanding of her unique physical and emotional needs, especially during pregnancy or estrus.

While mares are generally resilient, they still need regular veterinary check-ups, vaccinations, and a balanced diet to ensure optimal health.

Reproductive health is particularly critical for breeding mares, necessitating frequent evaluations by an equine veterinarian to identify potential issues early.

If a mare becomes pregnant, her nutritional requirements will increase, often requiring additional supplements to support the developing foal.

Additionally, regular exercise is essential for maintaining a mare’s physical fitness and mental well-being, whether she’s training for competitive events or enjoying leisurely rides, as mares typically excel in a variety of disciplines, including dressage and show jumping.

Equine nutritionist Dr. Ann Perkins emphasizes that “the nutritional needs of mares, especially during pregnancy, should not be overlooked. A well-balanced diet that includes essential vitamins and minerals is critical to the health of both the mare and her foal.”

For a detailed guide on equine nutrition, check our horse feeding guide.

Learn more about the general care of mares on Wikipedia.

Conclusion

A mare is a mature female horse over the age of four, with specific roles in the equine world, especially in breeding and competition.

Recognizing the distinct behavior and needs of mares, from their reproductive health to their temperament, can help horse owners provide the best care possible.

Whether you’re a breeder, rider, or equestrian enthusiast, knowing how to care for a mare is essential to maintaining her health and well-being.

FAQs

1. What is a female horse called?

A female horse is called a “mare,” especially once she is over four years old. A younger female horse is often referred to as a “filly.”

2. What is the difference between a mare and a stallion?

A mare is a female horse, while a stallion is an intact male horse. Stallions tend to be more aggressive due to higher testosterone levels, while mares have unique behavioral traits influenced by their estrus cycle.

3. How long is a mare pregnant for?

A mare’s pregnancy typically lasts for about 11 months. During this time, she will require special care and attention to ensure the health of both herself and the developing foal.