What Causes Cherry Eye in Dogs?

What Causes Cherry Eye in Dogs? Cherry eye in dogs is caused by the prolapse of the third eyelid gland, which appears as a red, swollen mass in the corner of the eye.

This condition occurs when the gland responsible for tear production becomes displaced due to weakened connective tissue, leading to visible irritation and swelling.

Understanding Cherry Eye

Cherry eye is a common condition in dogs, particularly in younger pups and certain breeds, where the third eyelid, or “nictitating membrane,” protrudes due to a displaced gland.

This membrane plays a crucial role in protecting the eye and aiding in tear production.

When the tissue supporting the gland weakens, it causes the gland to slip out of place, forming a red, swollen lump in the inner corner of the eye that resembles a cherry.

While this prolapse is not typically painful, it can lead to discomfort and potential infections if left untreated.

For further understanding of canine eye anatomy, you can explore more about it on Wikipedia.

The exact cause of cherry eye varies, but it is generally attributed to several factors. Below are the most common causes and triggers for this eye condition in dogs:

Genetics and Breeds: Certain dog breeds are more likely to develop cherry eye due to genetic predisposition. Breeds like Bulldogs, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, and Shih Tzus are among those more commonly affected. The genetic factor lies in the connective tissues that hold the third eyelid’s gland in place. Some dogs are born with weaker or more elastic tissues, making the gland more prone to displacement.

Weak Connective Tissue: Weak connective tissue is the primary cause of cherry eye. The gland is held in place by a small ligament that can weaken over time or as a result of genetic factors, leading to the gland slipping out of place.

Age and Development: Cherry eye most frequently affects dogs that are younger, typically under two years old. This is because the connective tissue in younger dogs is still developing, making it easier for the gland to prolapse.

Environmental Triggers: In some cases, environmental irritants such as dust, allergens, or exposure to wind can aggravate the condition. If a dog’s eye is already sensitive or prone to inflammation, these factors can contribute to the gland’s prolapse.

For more comprehensive information on environmental factors affecting pet health, see our guide on common pet irritants and allergies.

Symptoms of Cherry Eye

Early signs of cherry eye include a noticeable red or pink mass in the corner of your dog’s eye, often accompanied by excessive tearing or discharge.

Your dog may also show signs of irritation, such as pawing at the eye or squinting, due to the prolapsed gland.

In some cases, the eye may become dry and inflamed if the gland isn’t functioning properly.

If you observe any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult a veterinarian promptly to prevent further complications and ensure your dog’s comfort.

Veterinary experts emphasize that early intervention is critical when treating cherry eye.

Dr. Karen Becker, a proactive veterinarian, highlights that “ignoring the symptoms of cherry eye can lead to chronic irritation, scarring, and potentially more severe conditions such as dry eye.”

She advises that pet owners should seek treatment promptly to prevent long-term damage.

Similarly, veterinary ophthalmologist Dr. Wendy Townsend from Purdue University notes that surgery is usually the most effective treatment, stating, “In most cases, repositioning surgery for cherry eye has a very high success rate. It’s crucial not to remove the gland as it plays an essential role in tear production.”

Additionally, according to a VetMD article, early treatment helps preserve the gland and prevents further complications.

The article also highlights that untreated cherry eye can cause permanent eye damage due to tear production loss, leading to chronic dry eye.

Treatment Options for Cherry Eye

When it comes to treating cherry eye, the best course of action varies based on the severity of the prolapse. While some mild cases may improve with medication, surgery is typically the most effective treatment.

Manual Repositioning: In some cases, a veterinarian may attempt to manually reposition the gland back into place. This non-invasive method involves gently massaging the gland back into its normal position. However, it is often only a temporary fix, and the gland may prolapse again.

Anti-Inflammatory Medications: For mild cases, veterinarians may prescribe anti-inflammatory eye drops or ointments to reduce swelling and irritation. While this can provide relief, it is not always a permanent solution.

Surgical Treatment: Surgery is usually the recommended treatment for cherry eye, especially if the gland prolapses repeatedly. The goal is to reposition the tear gland rather than remove it. Removing the gland can lead to chronic dry eye, as the gland plays a crucial role in tear production.

Surgical Repositioning: The surgeon tacks the gland back into place using sutures, preventing further prolapse.

Gland Removal (Rare): In very severe cases, removal of the gland might be necessary, but this is typically avoided due to the risk of complications.

Veterinary ophthalmologists highly recommend gland preservation surgery, which ensures the gland continues to function and produce tears. Dr. Wendy Townsend, a leading veterinary specialist, notes that preserving the gland is essential for the long-term health of your dog’s eye.

Preventing Cherry Eye in Dogs

A Vet Checking a Dog Eyes Using a Medical Equipment

While cherry eye is often genetic, you can take steps to minimize the risk of complications and maintain your dog’s eye health.

Regular veterinary checkups are essential, especially for breeds prone to cherry eye, as early detection can make treatment easier and prevent severe issues.

Additionally, limiting your dog’s exposure to irritants like dust, pollen, and smoke, and keeping the area around their eyes clean, can help reduce the chances of aggravating eye problems.

For more information about dog’s eye, visit our related article about what are eye boogers.

Conclusion

Cherry eye in dogs is a condition caused by the prolapse of the third eyelid gland.

While it can be concerning for pet owners, early diagnosis and treatment can ensure your dog remains comfortable and healthy.

With surgery being the most effective treatment, ensuring that the tear gland is preserved is key to preventing future complications such as dry eye.

By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you can provide your dog with the best care possible for their eye health.

For more in-depth information on cherry eye, check out Wikipedia’s page on canine eye diseases or consult your veterinarian for personalized advice.

FAQs

1. Is cherry eye dangerous for dogs?

Cherry eye itself is not usually painful, but it can cause discomfort and lead to further complications if untreated. Surgery is often necessary to prevent long-term issues such as dry eye.

2. Can cherry eye resolve on its own?

In rare cases, cherry eye may resolve on its own or with the help of medication, but this is uncommon. Most cases require surgical intervention.

3. Which dog breeds are most prone to cherry eye?

Breeds like Bulldogs, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, and Boston Terriers are most prone to cherry eye due to their genetic predisposition to weak connective tissues around the eye.

4. How much does cherry eye surgery cost?

The cost of cherry eye surgery can vary, but it typically ranges between $500 to $1,000 depending on the severity of the condition and the location of the veterinary clinic.