Not Every Dog Is a Natural Swimmer

The image of a dog leaping joyfully into a lake is so iconic that many owners assume all dogs can swim instinctively. The truth is more nuanced: while most dogs will paddle if placed in water, not all dogs can swim effectively, and some breeds are physically incapable of staying afloat without assistance. Understanding your specific dog’s swimming ability before their first water experience can prevent a dangerous situation.

Breeds with deep chests, short legs, heavy bone structure, or flat faces face the biggest challenges. Bulldogs (English and French), Dachshunds, Corgis, Basset Hounds, and Pugs have body proportions that make efficient swimming difficult or impossible. Brachycephalic breeds (flat-faced) face the added danger of water entering their airways more easily due to their shortened muzzle anatomy.

On the other end of the spectrum, breeds developed for water work — Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Portuguese Water Dogs, Standard Poodles, Irish Water Spaniels, and Newfoundlands — often take to water naturally and swim with impressive endurance. But even water-bred dogs benefit from a proper introduction rather than being thrown into the deep end.

The Gradual Introduction Method

Start in shallow, calm water — a gently sloping lake shore, a shallow creek, or even a kiddie pool in your backyard. Walk into the water yourself first and encourage your dog to follow. Let them wade at their own pace, feeling the bottom under their feet. Many dogs are perfectly happy splashing in belly-deep water and never need to go deeper.

When they’re comfortable wading, move to slightly deeper water where their feet can still touch but they need to paddle occasionally. Support them under the belly with your hand or arm — this prevents the common beginner mistake of paddling only with the front legs while the back end sinks, which exhausts dogs quickly and creates a panicked, vertical swimming position.

Practice for short sessions — 5 to 10 minutes — and end while your dog is still having fun. Forced or prolonged first experiences create water aversion that’s difficult to reverse. If your dog shows fear (tail tucked, trying to climb on you, whale eyes), back up to shallower water and try again another day. Building a strong exercise routine that includes swimming follows the same principles as keeping your dog healthy through simple daily habits.